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§¢§Ö§ß§ß§Ú §à§ä§Þ§Ö§é§Ñ§Ö§ä, §é§ä§à §Ó§ã§Ö §Ó§í§Ô§à§Õ§í §ï§Ü§à§Ô§â§å§Ù§à§Ó§Ú§Ü§à§Ó (§Ù§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ñ §à§Ò §à§Ü§â§å§Ø§Ñ§ð§ë§Ö§Û §ã§â§Ö§Õ§Ö, §ã§à§Ü§â§Ñ§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Õ§à§â§à§Ø§ß§í§ç §Ù§Ñ§ä§à§â§à§Ó) §å§Õ§Ñ§ã§ä§ã§ñ §á§à§Ý§å§é§Ú§ä§î, §ä§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §â§Ñ§ã§ê§Ú§â§Ú§ä§î §Ú§ç §á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö. §³§Ö§Ô§à§Õ§ß§ñ §Ó §¢§Ö§Ý§î§Ô§Ú§Ú §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§å§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ó§ã§Ö§Ô§à §Ý§Ú§ê§î 117 §ï§Ü§à§Ô§â§å§Ù§à§Ó§Ú§Ü§à§Ó, §ä§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §Ü§Ñ§Ü §à§Ò§ë§Ö§Ö §é§Ú§ã§Ý§à §Ù§Ñ§â§Ö§Ô§Ú§ã§ä§â§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç §Ô§â§å§Ù§à§Ó§í§ç §ä§â§Ñ§ß§ã§á§à§â§ä§ß§í§ç §ã§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó §á§â§Ú§Ò§Ý§Ú§Ø§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ü 100 §ä§í§ã§ñ§é§Ñ§Þ. §¯§Ñ §æ§à§ß§Ö 2 §ä§í§ã. §ß§Ú§Õ§Ö§â§Ý§Ñ§ß§Õ§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §ï§Ü§à§Ô§â§å§Ù§à§Ó§Ú§Ü§à§Ó §ï§ä§Ñ §è§Ú§æ§â§Ñ §Ó§í§Ô§Ý§ñ§Õ§Ú§ä §Ö§ë§Ö §ß§Ö§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§Ö§Ö.

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§®§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§Ñ§ñ §á§Ú§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§â§Ö§ß§ß§Ñ§ñ §Ü§à§Þ§á§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ AB InBev, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§Ñ§ñ §Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§Ö§Ö §Ó§ã§Ö§ç §à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §Ü§Ý§Ú§Ö§ß§ä§à§Ó §á§Ö§â§Ö§Ó§à§Ù§Ú§ä §ä§à§Ó§Ñ§â§í §ï§Ü§à§Ô§â§å§Ù§à§Ó§Ú§Ü§Ñ§Þ§Ú Ninatrans, §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §á§à§Ý§î§Ù§å§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §ï§ä§Ú§Þ§Ú §á§â§Ö§Ú§Þ§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ§Þ§Ú.  §³§à§Ü§â§Ñ§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §å§Ô§Ý§Ö§â§à§Õ§ß§à§Ô§à §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§Ñ §Ý§à§Ô§Ú§ã§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Û §è§Ö§á§à§é§Ü§Ú ¡ª §à§Õ§Ú§ß §Ú§Ù §Ó§Ñ§Ø§ß§Ö§Û§ê§Ú§ç §á§â§Ú§à§â§Ú§ä§Ö§ä§à§Ó AB InBev §Ú §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§ç §á§â§Ö§Õ§á§â§Ú§ñ§ä§Ú§Û, §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Ù§Ñ§Ú§ß§ä§Ö§â§Ö§ã§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç §Ó §á§Ö§â§Ö§Ó§à§Ù§Ü§Ñ§ç §ï§Ü§à§Ô§â§å§Ù§à§Ó§Ú§Ü§Ñ§Þ§Ú Ninatrans. 

§±§â§Ö§á§ñ§ä§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§ñ §Ú §ä§â§å§Õ§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú

§°§ä§ã§å§ä§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ö §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý §ä§â§Ñ§ß§ã§Ô§â§Ñ§ß§Ú§é§ß§à§Ô§à §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §ï§Ü§à§Ô§â§å§Ù§à§Ó§Ú§Ü§à§Ó §ß§Ñ §á§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§Ü§Ö §é§Ñ§ã§ä§à §Ú§ã§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ñ§Ö§ä §ï§ä§à§ä §Ó§Ú§Õ §ä§â§Ñ§ß§ã§á§à§â§ä§Ñ §Ú§Ù §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§í§ç §á§Ö§â§Ö§Ó§à§Ù§à§Ü, §Ú §ï§ä§à §à§Õ§Ú§ß §Ú§Ù §Ô§Ý§Ñ§Ó§ß§í§ç §æ§Ñ§Ü§ä§à§â§à§Ó, §á§â§Ö§á§ñ§ä§ã§ä§Ó§å§ð§ë§Ú§ç §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §ê§Ú§â§à§Ü§à§Þ§å §á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §ï§Ü§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§é§ß§í§ç §ä§ñ§Ø§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§à§Ù§à§Ó. Ninatrans §á§à§Ü§Ñ §ß§Ö §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§å§Ö§ä §Ô§â§å§Ù§à§Ó§Ú§Ü§Ú §Ó §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§í§ç §á§Ö§â§Ö§Ó§à§Ù§Ü§Ñ§ç, §ß§à §å§Ø§Ö §Ú§Ù§å§é§Ñ§Ö§ä §Þ§Ñ§â§ê§â§å§ä§í §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å §¢§Ö§Ý§î§Ô§Ú§Ö§Û §Ú §¯§Ú§Õ§Ö§â§Ý§Ñ§ß§Õ§Ñ§Þ§Ú. §²§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Þ§Ú§ß§Ú§ã§ä§â§à§Ó §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß §¢§Ö§ß§Ú§Ý§ð§Ü§ã§Ñ §à §á§â§à§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú ?§á§â§à§Ò§ß§í§ç §ä§â§Ñ§ß§ã§Ô§â§Ñ§ß§Ú§é§ß§í§ç §á§Ö§â§Ö§Ó§à§Ù§à§Ü §å§Õ§Ý§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§Þ§Ú §Ú §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §ä§ñ§Ø§Ö§Ý§í§Þ§Ú §Ô§â§å§Ù§à§Ó§í§Þ§Ú §ä§â§Ñ§ß§ã§á§à§â§ä§ß§í§Þ§Ú §ã§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Ó §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§Ñ§ç §¢§Ö§ß§Ú§Ý§ð§Ü§ã§Ñ? §å§á§â§à§ë§Ñ§Ö§ä §Ù§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§é§å, §ß§à §ß§Ö §Ú§Ù§Ò§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä §à§ä §á§à§Ý§å§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §à§ä§Õ§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §â§Ñ§Ù§â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ß§Ñ §á§Ö§â§Ö§ã§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ô§â§Ñ§ß§Ú§è§í §Ü§Ñ§Ø§Õ§à§Û §Ú§Ù §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß §Ú §Ü§Ñ§Ø§Õ§à§Ô§à §â§Ö§Ô§Ú§à§ß§Ñ. 

?§¥§à§ã§ä§Ú§Ô§ß§å§ä§à§Ö §Þ§Ú§ß§Ú§ã§ä§â§Ñ§Þ§Ú §ã§à§Ô§Ý§Ñ§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö ¡ª §à§é§Ö§ß§î §Ó§Ñ§Ø§ß§í§Û §ê§Ñ§Ô, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Û, §ä§Ö§Þ §ß§Ö §Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§Ö, §ß§Ö §à§ã§Ó§à§Ò§à§Ø§Õ§Ñ§Ö§ä §á§Ö§â§Ö§Ó§à§Ù§é§Ú§Ü§à§Ó §à§ä §Þ§ß§à§Ø§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ñ§Õ§Þ§Ú§ß§Ú§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§í§ç §á§â§Ö§á§ñ§ä§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Û. §°§ã§à§Ò§Ö§ß§ß§à §Ó§Ñ§Ø§ß§à §å§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§Ú§ä§î §ä§Ö §Ú§Ù §ß§Ú§ç, §é§ä§à §Ü§Ñ§ã§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §â§Ñ§Ù§Ý§Ú§é§ß§í§ç §â§Ñ§Ù§â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §Ú §Ó§Ù§Ñ§Ú§Þ§ß§à§Ô§à §á§â§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §ã§Ó§Ú§Õ§Ö§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó §Ú §Ü§Ó§Ñ§Ý§Ú§æ§Ú§Ü§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú. §£ §ä§à §Ø§Ö §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§ñ §ï§ä§à §ç§à§â§à§ê§Ñ§ñ §Ò§Ñ§Ù§Ñ §Õ§Ý§ñ §Õ§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ö§Û§ê§Ö§Û §â§Ñ§Ù§â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ü§Ú §ã§à§Ô§Ý§Ñ§ã§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç §ß§Ñ §å§â§à§Ó§ß§Ö §¦§³ §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý §ï§Ü§ã§á§Ý§å§Ñ§ä§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §ï§Ü§à§Ô§â§å§Ù§à§Ó§Ú§Ü§à§Ó?, ¡ª §ã§é§Ú§ä§Ñ§Ö§ä §¢§Ö§ß§ß§Ú §³§Þ§Ö§ä§ã. 

§¹§ä§à §Õ§Ñ§Ý§î§ê§Ö?

§¢§Ö§ß§ß§Ú §³§Þ§Ö§ä§ã §ß§Ñ§ã§ä§â§à§Ö§ß §à§é§Ö§ß§î §á§à§Ù§Ú§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à. §¿§Ü§ã§á§Ý§å§Ñ§ä§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §Ô§â§å§Ù§à§Ó§Ú§Ü§à§Ó §ã§ä§Ñ§ß§Ö§ä §Ö§ë§Ö §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §Ó§í§Ô§à§Õ§ß§à§Û §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö §á§â§Ú§ß§ñ§ä§Ú§ñ §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §â§Ñ§Ù§å§Þ§ß§í§ç §ã§à§Ô§Ý§Ñ§ã§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý. 

ÃÛÌÒ´«Ã½§á§â§Ú§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä §â§Ñ§Ù§â§Ö§ê§Ú§ä§î §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§í§Ö §á§Ö§â§Ö§Ó§à§Ù§Ü§Ú §ï§Ü§à§Ô§â§å§Ù§à§Ó§Ú§Ü§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Ó§à §Ó§ã§Ö§ç §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§Ñ§ç §Þ§Ú§â§Ñ, §á§â§Ú§ß§ñ§Ó §ã§à§Ô§Ý§Ñ§ã§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§å§ð §á§â§Ñ§Ó§à§Ó§å§ð §Ò§Ñ§Ù§å §Ú §à§Ò§Ö§ã§á§Ö§é§Ú§Ó §Ó§Ù§Ñ§Ú§Þ§ß§à§Ö §á§â§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §ã§ä§Ñ§ß§Õ§Ñ§â§ä§à§Ó §Ú §å§ã§Ý§à§Ó§Ú§Û. §¿§ä§Ñ §á§â§à§ã§ä§Ñ§ñ §Þ§Ö§â§Ñ §Ó§ß§Ö§ã§Ö§ä §à§Ô§â§à§Þ§ß§í§Û §Ó§Ü§Ý§Ñ§Õ §Ó §Õ§à§ã§ä§Ú§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Þ§Ú§â§à§Ó§í§ç §è§Ö§Ý§Ö§Û §Ó §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú §Õ§Ö§Ü§Ñ§â§Ò§à§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú.

?§±§à§Ý§Ú§ä§Ú§Ü§Ñ§Þ §ã§ä§à§Ú§ä §á§à§Û§ä§Ú §ß§Ñ§Ó§ã§ä§â§Ö§é§å §á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §ï§Ü§à§Ô§â§å§Ù§à§Ó§Ú§Ü§à§Ó §Ú §Ô§à§â§Ñ§Ù§Õ§à §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §Ü§à§ß§ã§ä§â§å§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à §á§à§Õ§ç§à§Õ§Ú§ä§î §Ü §Ú§Ù§å§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §Ó§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§Ö§Û, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §à§ß§Ú §à§ä§Ü§â§í§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä. §¯§Ñ§ê§Ñ §à§ä§â§Ñ§ã§Ý§î, §Ü§Ý§Ú§Ö§ß§ä§í §Ú §Ý§à§Ô§Ú§ã§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §á§Ñ§â§ä§ß§Ö§â§í §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§ß§í §Ô§à§â§Ñ§Ù§Õ§à §Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§Ö§Ö §â§Ñ§ã§ã§Ü§Ñ§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §à§Ò §ï§ä§à§Û §æ§Ñ§ß§ä§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Û §Ó§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §ä§Ö§Þ, §à§ä §Ü§à§Ô§à §Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ã§Ú§ä §á§â§Ú§ß§ñ§ä§Ú§Ö §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Û, §Õ§Ý§ñ §ä§à§Ô§à §é§ä§à§Ò§í §Õ§à§Ò§Ú§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §ê§Ú§â§à§Ü§à§Ô§à §á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ï§Ü§à§Ô§â§å§Ù§à§Ó§Ú§Ü§à§Ó §ß§Ö §ä§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §Ó §¦§Ó§â§à§á§Ö§Û§ã§Ü§à§Þ §ã§à§ð§Ù§Ö, §ß§à §Ú §Ó §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§ç §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§Ñ§ç?, ¡ª §á§à§Õ§í§ä§à§Ø§Ú§Ý §¢§Ö§ß§ß§Ú.

¹ ITF (2018) , ITF Policy Papers, OECD Publishing, Paris.