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Spain lowers minimum driver age to 18 to attract the next generation of drivers
§ª§ã§á§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ | Madrid

§£ §ª§ã§á§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú §Þ§Ú§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Û §Ó§à§Ù§â§Ñ§ã§ä §Ó§à§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§Ö§Û §ã§ß§Ú§Ø§Ö§ß §Õ§à 18 §Ý§Ö§ä

22 §Õ§Ö§Ü 2020 · §­§ð§Õ§Ú

§£ §á§â§à§ê§Ý§à§Þ §Þ§Ö§ã§ñ§è§Ö §Ó §ª§ã§á§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú §Ó§ã§ä§å§á§Ú§Ý §Ó §ã§Ú§Ý§å §Ù§Ñ§Ü§à§ß, §á§â§Ö§Õ§å§ã§Þ§Ñ§ä§â§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Û §ã§ß§Ú§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Þ§Ú§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §Ó§à§Ù§â§Ñ§ã§ä§Ñ §Ó§à§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§Ö§Û §Ü§à§Þ§Þ§Ö§â§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §Ô§â§å§Ù§à§Ó§í§ç §ä§â§Ñ§ß§ã§á§à§â§ä§ß§í§ç §ã§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó §Õ§à 18 §Ý§Ö§ä, §Ñ §Ó§à§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§Ö§Û §á§Ñ§ã§ã§Ñ§Ø§Ú§â§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §ä§â§Ñ§ß§ã§á§à§â§ä§Ñ, §à§ã§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ý§ñ§ð§ë§Ö§Ô§à §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§í§Ö §á§Ö§â§Ö§Ó§à§Ù§Ü§Ú, ¡ª §Õ§à 21 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ §ã §Ó§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§î§ð §á§Ö§â§Ö§ã§Þ§à§ä§â§Ñ §Ó §Ò§å§Õ§å§ë§Ö§Þ §ã §è§Ö§Ý§î§ð §ã§ß§Ú§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Õ§à 18 §Ý§Ö§ä.

§´§â§Ö§Ò§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §à §ã§ß§Ú§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §Þ§Ú§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §Ó§à§Ù§â§Ñ§ã§ä§Ñ §Ó§à§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§Ö§Û §Õ§Ñ§Ó§ß§à §Ó§í§Õ§Ó§Ú§Ô§Ñ§Ý§à§ã§î §à§ä§â§Ñ§ã§Ý§î§ð §Ñ§Ó§ä§à§Þ§à§Ò§Ú§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §ä§â§Ñ§ß§ã§á§à§â§ä§Ñ. §®§í §á§à§Ú§ß§ä§Ö§â§Ö§ã§à§Ó§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ã§î §Þ§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ §ß§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§Ú§ç §â§å§Ü§à§Ó§à§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§Ö§Û §Ú§ã§á§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Û ¡ª §é§Ý§Ö§ß§à§Ó IRU.  

§¬§Ñ§Ü§Ú§Ö §ã§Ñ§Þ§í§Ö §Ó§Ñ§Ø§ß§í§Ö §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ø§Õ§å§ä §ã§Ö§Ü§ä§à§â?

§²§Ñ§Þ§à§ß §£§Ñ§Ý§î§Õ§Ú§Ó§Ú§ñ, §Ô§Ö§ß§Ö§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Û §Õ§Ú§â§Ö§Ü§ä§à§â §Ú§ã§á§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§à§Û §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§à§Û §Ñ§ã§ã§à§è§Ú§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §Ñ§Ó§ä§à§Þ§à§Ò§Ú§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §ä§â§Ñ§ß§ã§á§à§â§ä§Ñ ASTIC:

§®§í §Ó§ã§Ö§Ô§Õ§Ñ §á§à§Ý§Ñ§Ô§Ñ§Ý§Ú, §é§ä§à §ä§â§Ö§ç§Ý§Ö§ä§ß§Ú§Û (§Ú§Ý§Ú §á§ñ§ä§Ú§Ý§Ö§ä§ß§Ú§Û, §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §â§Ö§é§î §Ú§Õ§Ö§ä §à §á§Ñ§ã§ã§Ñ§Ø§Ú§â§ã§Ü§à§Þ §ä§â§Ñ§ß§ã§á§à§â§ä§Ö) §Ù§Ñ§Ù§à§â §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å §Ó§à§Ù§â§Ñ§ã§ä§à§Þ §á§à§Ý§å§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ã§â§Ö§Õ§ß§Ö§Ô§à §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ (18 §Ý§Ö§ä) §Ú §Þ§Ú§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Þ §Ó§à§Ù§â§Ñ§ã§ä§à§Þ §Õ§Ý§ñ §á§à§Ý§å§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ó§à§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §å§Õ§à§ã§ä§à§Ó§Ö§â§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ß§Ñ §á§â§Ñ§Ó§à §å§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ô§â§å§Ù§à§Ó§í§Þ §ä§â§Ñ§ß§ã§á§à§â§ä§ß§í§Þ §ã§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§à§Þ (21 §Ô§à§Õ) §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §ã§Ö§â§î§Ö§Ù§ß§í§Þ §á§â§Ö§á§ñ§ä§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ö§Þ §Õ§Ý§ñ §á§â§Ú§Ó§Ý§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Þ§à§Ý§à§Õ§Ö§Ø§Ú §Ó §á§â§à§æ§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§ð.

§£ §ß§Ñ§ê§Ö§Û §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§Ö §ß§Ñ§Ò§Ý§ð§Õ§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §à§ã§ä§â§í§Û §Õ§Ö§æ§Ú§è§Ú§ä §Þ§à§Ý§à§Õ§í§ç §á§â§à§æ§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§à§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §Ó§à§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§Ö§Û. §£ §ä§à §Ø§Ö §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§ñ §á§à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î §Ò§Ö§Ù§â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ú§è§í §ã§â§Ö§Õ§Ú §Þ§à§Ý§à§Õ§Ö§Ø§Ú §á§â§Ö§Ó§í§ê§Ñ§Ö§ä 40%. §±§à§Ü§Ñ §â§Ñ§ß§à §Ô§à§Ó§à§â§Ú§ä§î §à §ä§à§Þ, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §á§à§Ó§Ý§Ú§ñ§Ö§ä §ß§Ñ §ã§Ú§ä§å§Ñ§è§Ú§ð §ß§à§Ó§í§Û §Ù§Ñ§Ü§à§ß, §ß§à §å§Ø§Ö §Þ§à§Ø§ß§à §å§ä§Ó§Ö§â§Ø§Õ§Ñ§ä§î, §é§ä§à §ß§à§Ó§í§Ö §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§Ñ §à§ä§Ü§â§í§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä §ê§Ú§â§à§Ü§Ú§Ö §á§Ö§â§ã§á§Ö§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§í §á§â§Ú§Ó§Ý§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ó §á§â§à§æ§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§ð §Þ§à§Ý§à§Õ§í§ç §á§à§Ü§à§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §Ó§à§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§Ö§Û.


§¶§â§Ñ§ß§ã§Ú§ã§Ü§à §ª§Ô§Ý§Ö§ã§Ú§Ñ§ã §¬§Ñ§Þ§á§à§ã, §Ô§Ö§ß§Ö§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Û §Õ§Ú§â§Ö§Ü§ä§à§â §Ó§Ö§Õ§å§ë§Ö§Ô§à §Ú§ã§á§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §à§á§Ö§â§Ñ§ä§à§â§Ñ §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§Ô§à§â§à§Õ§ß§Ú§ç §Ñ§Ó§ä§à§Ò§å§ã§ß§í§ç §á§Ö§â§Ö§Ó§à§Ù§à§Ü ALSA:

§±§â§Ú§ß§ñ§ä§Ú§Ö §ß§à§Ó§à§Ô§à §Ù§Ñ§Ü§à§ß§Ñ ¡ª §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§î§ß§Ñ§ñ §Þ§Ö§â§Ñ, §Ò§Ý§Ñ§Ô§à§Õ§Ñ§â§ñ §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Û §Þ§à§Ý§à§Õ§Ö§Ø§î §á§à§Ý§å§é§Ú§ä §Ó§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§î §á§â§Ú§à§Ò§â§Ö§ã§ä§Ú §á§â§à§æ§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§ð §Ó§à§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§ñ, §Ñ §Ú§ã§á§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §ä§â§Ñ§ß§ã§á§à§â§ä§ß§í§Ö §á§â§Ö§Õ§á§â§Ú§ñ§ä§Ú§ñ ¡ª §Ù§Ñ§á§à§Ý§ß§Ú§ä§î §á§å§ã§ä§å§ð§ë§Ú§Ö §â§Ñ§Ò§à§é§Ú§Ö §Þ§Ö§ã§ä§Ñ. 
§¯§à §Õ§Ý§ñ §ä§à§Ô§à §é§ä§à§Ò§í §ï§ä§à §á§â§à§Ú§Ù§à§ê§Ý§à, §ß§Ö§à§Ò§ç§à§Õ§Ú§Þ§à §å§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§Ú§ä§î §Ö§ë§Ö §ß§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §á§â§Ö§á§ñ§ä§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Û §Ü §á§à§Ý§å§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §á§â§à§æ§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú. §¯§Ñ§á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â, §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ú§ç §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Ó§í§ã§à§Ü§Ñ§ñ §ã§ä§à§Ú§Þ§à§ã§ä§î §à§Ò§å§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Ö §á§â§Ö§Õ§Ý§Ñ§Ô§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §ä§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §é§Ñ§ã§ä§ß§í§Þ§Ú §ê§Ü§à§Ý§Ñ§Þ§Ú. 
§¬§â§à§Þ§Ö §ä§à§Ô§à, §Þ§à§Ý§à§Õ§í§ç §Ó§à§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§Ö§Û §ß§Ö§â§Ö§Õ§Ü§à §ã§é§Ú§ä§Ñ§ð§ä §é§Ö§â§Ö§ã§é§å§â §ß§Ö§Ù§â§Ö§Ý§í§Þ§Ú §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ó§í§á§à§Ý§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§à§Û §à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Û §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§í, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §å§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ñ§Ó§ä§à§Ò§å§ã§à§Þ. §³§Ú§ä§å§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§ß§Ñ §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú§ä§î§ã§ñ. §®§í §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§ß§í §Õ§à§Ò§Ú§ä§î§ã§ñ §á§à§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §ä§à§Ô§à, §é§ä§à §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§í §á§â§à§æ§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§à§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §á§à§Õ§Ô§à§ä§à§Ó§Ü§Ú §ß§Ñ§Õ§Ö§Ø§ß§í §Ú §Ô§Ñ§â§Ñ§ß§ä§Ú§â§å§ð§ä §Ò§Ö§Ù§à§á§Ñ§ã§ß§à§ã§ä§î §á§Ö§â§Ö§Ó§à§Ù§à§Ü. §¥§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Ö §ã§Ó§Ú§Õ§Ö§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§å§ð§ä §à §ä§à§Þ, §é§ä§à §Ó§à§Ù§â§Ñ§ã§ä §ß§Ö §Ó§Ý§Ú§ñ§Ö§ä §ß§Ñ §Ò§Ö§Ù§à§á§Ñ§ã§ß§à§ã§ä§î. 
 

§¹§ä§à §Ö§ë§Ö §ß§Ö§à§Ò§ç§à§Õ§Ú§Þ§à §ã§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ä§î, §é§ä§à§Ò§í §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú§ä§î §ã§Ú§ä§å§Ñ§è§Ú§ð?

§²§Ñ§æ§Ñ§ï§Ý§î §¢§Ñ§â§Ò§Ñ§Õ§Ú§Ý§î§à, §á§â§Ö§Ù§Ú§Õ§Ö§ß§ä CONFEBUS ¡ª §Ú§ã§á§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §ã§à§ð§Ù§Ñ §Ô§à§â§à§Õ§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §Ú §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§Ô§à§â§à§Õ§ß§Ú§ç §Ñ§Ó§ä§à§Ò§å§ã§ß§í§ç §á§Ö§â§Ö§Ó§à§Ù§à§Ü:

§³§Ö§Ü§ä§à§â §á§Ñ§ã§ã§Ñ§Ø§Ú§â§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §á§Ö§â§Ö§Ó§à§Ù§à§Ü §é§â§Ö§Ù§Ó§í§é§Ñ§Û§ß§à §Ó§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß §Ú §Õ§Ý§ñ §ï§Ü§à§ß§à§Þ§Ú§Ü§Ú, §Ú §Õ§Ý§ñ §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ, §á§à§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§å §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ú§ã§ä§à§é§ß§Ú§Ü§à§Þ §â§à§ã§ä§Ñ §Ú §â§Ñ§Ò§à§é§Ú§ç §Þ§Ö§ã§ä. §ª §ç§à§ä§ñ §ß§à§Ó§Ñ§ñ §â§Ö§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ §Ò§å§Õ§Ö§ä §ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §á§â§Ú§Ó§Ý§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §Þ§à§Ý§à§Õ§Ö§Ø§Ú §Ó §á§â§à§æ§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§ð, §ß§Ñ§Þ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§à§Ú§ä §á§à§â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ñ§ä§î §ß§Ñ§Õ §ä§Ö§Þ, §é§ä§à§Ò§í §Ò§Ý§Ñ§Ô§à§Õ§Ñ§â§ñ §ï§ä§à§Û §Þ§Ö§â§Ö §Ò§í§Ý§Ú §â§Ñ§Ù§â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ñ§ß§í §á§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ§í §á§â§à§æ§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§à§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §á§à§Õ§Ô§à§ä§à§Ó§Ü§Ú §Ú §ã§Ö§â§ä§Ú§æ§Ú§Ü§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú, §à§ä§Ó§Ö§é§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Ö §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ñ§Þ §à§ä§â§Ñ§ã§Ý§Ú.

§¶§â§Ñ§ß§ã§Ú§ã§Ü§à §ª§Ô§Ý§Ö§ã§Ú§Ñ§ã §¬§Ñ§Þ§á§à§ã, §Ô§Ö§ß§Ö§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Û §Õ§Ú§â§Ö§Ü§ä§à§â ALSA:

§±§Ö§â§Ó§í§Þ §ê§Ñ§Ô§à§Þ §ã§ä§Ñ§ß§Ö§ä §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §à §á§â§Ö§Ú§Þ§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ§ç §á§â§à§æ§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú §Ó§à§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§ñ §Ú §Ó§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§ñ§ç §ä§â§å§Õ§à§å§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ, §Ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §à §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §ä§â§Ñ§ß§ã§á§à§â§ä§ß§à§Ô§à §ã§Ö§Ü§ä§à§â§Ñ §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ò§Ú§Ù§ß§Ö§ã§Ñ §Ó §è§Ö§Ý§à§Þ.

§¦§ë§Ö §à§Õ§Ú§ß §Ó§Ñ§Ø§ß§í§Û §ê§Ñ§Ô ¡ª §å§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ä§î §á§â§à§è§Ö§ã§ã §á§à§Ý§å§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ó§à§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §å§Õ§à§ã§ä§à§Ó§Ö§â§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ã §â§Ö§Ô§å§Ý§Ú§â§å§Ö§Þ§à§Û §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§à§Û §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ. §¯§Ö§à§Ò§ç§à§Õ§Ú§Þ§à §Ó§í§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ú§ä§î §æ§Ú§ß§Ñ§ß§ã§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §ß§Ñ §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§ð §á§â§à§æ§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§à§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §á§à§Õ§Ô§à§ä§à§Ó§Ü§Ú. §°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§í §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§ß§í §â§Ñ§Ù§â§Ö§ê§Ú§ä§î §é§Ñ§ã§ä§ß§í§Þ §è§Ö§ß§ä§â§Ñ§Þ §á§â§à§Ó§à§Õ§Ú§ä§î §á§â§à§æ§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§à§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§å§ð §á§à§Õ§Ô§à§ä§à§Ó§Ü§å §á§â§Ú §ß§Ñ§Ý§Ú§é§Ú§Ú §Ü§Ó§Ñ§Ý§Ú§æ§Ú§è§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç §Ü§Ñ§Õ§â§à§Ó §Õ§Ý§ñ §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §á§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §Ù§Ñ§ß§ñ§ä§Ú§Û §á§à §Ó§à§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ð. 

§°§Ó§Ú§Õ§Ú§à §Õ§Ö §Ý§Ñ §²§à§Ù§Ñ, §á§â§Ö§Ù§Ú§Õ§Ö§ß§ä CETM, §Ú§ã§á§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §ã§à§ð§Ù§Ñ §Ñ§Ó§ä§à§Þ§à§Ò§Ú§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §á§Ö§â§Ö§Ó§à§Ù§é§Ú§Ü§à§Ó §Ô§â§å§Ù§à§Ó: 

CETM §ä§à§Ø§Ö §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ñ§Ö§ä §ß§Ñ§Õ §á§â§à§æ§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§à§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §á§à§Õ§Ô§à§ä§à§Ó§Ü§à§Û. §±§à§ã§Ý§Ö §á§â§Ú§ß§ñ§ä§Ú§ñ §ß§à§Ó§à§Ô§à §Ù§Ñ§Ü§à§ß§Ñ §Þ§í §å§Õ§Ó§à§Ú§Þ §ß§Ñ§ê§Ú §å§ã§Ú§Ý§Ú§ñ §Ó §Õ§Ó§å§ç §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§ñ§ç: §Ó §à§Ò§Ö§ã§á§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §ã§à§à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§ñ §á§â§à§æ§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§à§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §á§à§Õ§Ô§à§ä§à§Ó§Ü§Ú §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Þ §á§à§ä§â§Ö§Ò§ß§à§ã§ä§ñ§Þ §ä§â§Ñ§ß§ã§á§à§â§ä§ß§í§ç §Ü§à§Þ§á§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û; §Ú §Ó §á§â§Ú§Ó§Ý§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §Þ§à§Ý§à§Õ§Ö§Ø§Ú §Ó §á§â§à§æ§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§ð §Ó §è§Ö§Ý§ñ§ç §Ü§à§Þ§á§Ö§ß§ã§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §ß§Ö§ç§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ü§Ú §Ó§à§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§Ö§Û §Ó §ß§Ñ§ê§Ö§Û §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§Ö. 

§²§Ñ§Þ§à§ß §£§Ñ§Ý§î§Õ§Ú§Ó§Ú§ñ, §Ô§Ö§ß§Ö§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Û §Õ§Ú§â§Ö§Ü§ä§à§â ASTIC:

§µ§ã§Ý§à§Ó§Ú§ñ §Õ§à§á§å§ã§Ü§Ñ §Ü §á§â§à§æ§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú, §â§Ñ§Ù§å§Þ§Ö§Ö§ä§ã§ñ, §ß§Ö §Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§Ñ§ñ §á§â§Ú§é§Ú§ß§Ñ §ß§Ö§ç§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ü§Ú §Ó§à§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§Ö§Û. §¦§ë§Ö §à§Õ§Ú§ß §Ó§Ñ§Ø§ß§í§Û §æ§Ñ§Ü§ä§à§â ¡ª §á§à§Ó§ã§Ö§Þ§Ö§ã§ä§ß§Ñ§ñ §ß§Ö§ç§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ü§Ñ §Ò§Ö§Ù§à§á§Ñ§ã§ß§í§ç §à§ç§â§Ñ§ß§ñ§Ö§Þ§í§ç §á§Ñ§â§Ü§à§Ó§à§Ü §Ú §Þ§Ö§ã§ä §Õ§Ý§ñ §à§ä§Õ§í§ç§Ñ.

§¯§Ñ§ê§Ú §Ó§à§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§Ú §Ù§Ñ§ã§Ý§å§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä §Õ§à§ã§ä§à§Û§ß§à§Ô§à §à§Ò§â§Ñ§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ, §á§à§ï§ä§à§Þ§å §Ý§à§Ô§Ú§é§ß§í§Þ §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§ð§ë§Ú§Þ §ê§Ñ§Ô§à§Þ §ã§ä§Ñ§ß§Ö§ä §ã§à§Ù§Õ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §ß§Ñ§Õ§Ý§Ö§Ø§Ñ§ë§Ö§Û §Ú§ß§æ§â§Ñ§ã§ä§â§å§Ü§ä§å§â§í §Ú §à§Ò§Ö§ã§á§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ò§Ö§Ù§à§á§Ñ§ã§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ó§à§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§Ö§Û, §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §Þ§í §Ô§à§Ó§à§â§Ú§Þ §à §â§Ö§Ô§å§Ý§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú §Õ§à§á§å§ã§Ü§Ñ §Ü §á§â§à§æ§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú.

§³§é§Ú§ä§Ñ§Ö§ä§Ö §Ý§Ú §Ó§í, §é§ä§à §ß§à§Ó§í§Û §Ù§Ñ§Ü§à§ß §á§à§Ù§Ó§à§Ý§Ú§ä §å§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ä§î §à§Ò§å§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ã §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§à§Û §Ó§à§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§Ö§Þ?

§°§Ó§Ú§Õ§Ú§à §Õ§Ö §Ý§Ñ §²§à§Ù§Ñ, §á§â§Ö§Ù§Ú§Õ§Ö§ß§ä CETM:

§³§ß§Ú§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Þ§Ú§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §Ó§à§Ù§â§Ñ§ã§ä§Ñ §á§à§Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §á§â§Ú§Ó§Ý§Ö§é§î §Ó §á§â§à§æ§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§ð §Ô§à§â§Ñ§Ù§Õ§à §Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§Ö §Þ§à§Ý§à§Õ§Ö§Ø§Ú. §ª§ã§á§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §Ü§à§Þ§á§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú §å§Ø§Ö §á§â§Ö§Õ§Ý§Ñ§Ô§Ñ§ð§ä §Õ§Ó§à§Û§ß§í§Ö §á§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ§í §á§â§à§æ§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§à§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §á§à§Õ§Ô§à§ä§à§Ó§Ü§Ú §Ú §à§Ò§å§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ, §Ó §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§Ö §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§ç §Ý§Ö§Ø§Ú§ä §Ú§Õ§Ö§ñ §å§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ü§Ú §à§Ò§å§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§í. §®§í §ß§Ñ§Þ§Ö§â§Ö§Ó§Ñ§Ö§Þ§ã§ñ §Ú§Ù§å§é§Ú§ä§î §ï§ä§Ú §á§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ§í §Ú §à§ä§í§ã§Ü§Ñ§ä§î §ß§Ñ§Ú§Ý§å§é§ê§Ú§Ö §ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò§í §å§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú§Þ§Ö§ð§ë§Ú§ç§ã§ñ §Ó §Ñ§Ó§ä§à§ä§â§Ñ§ß§ã§á§à§â§ä§ß§à§Û §à§ä§â§Ñ§ã§Ý§Ú §ß§Ö§Õ§à§ã§ä§Ñ§ä§Ü§à§Ó.

§²§Ñ§æ§Ñ§ï§Ý§î §¢§Ñ§â§Ò§Ñ§Õ§Ú§Ý§î§à, §á§â§Ö§Ù§Ú§Õ§Ö§ß§ä CONFEBUS:

§´§Ö§ç§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Û §á§â§à§Ô§â§Ö§ã§ã §Ó §à§ä§â§Ñ§ã§Ý§Ú §Ñ§Ó§ä§à§Þ§à§Ò§Ú§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §á§Ö§â§Ö§Ó§à§Ù§à§Ü §Ó§í§ß§å§Ø§Õ§Ñ§Ö§ä §ß§Ñ§ã §ã§â§à§é§ß§à §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §ã§ä§â§å§Ü§ä§å§â§ß§í§Ö §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §á§à§Ù§Ó§à§Ý§ñ§ä §Ñ§Õ§Ñ§á§ä§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Ü§Ý§Ñ§ã§ã§Ú§æ§Ú§Ü§Ñ§è§Ú§ð, §á§â§à§æ§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§à§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§å§ð §á§à§Õ§Ô§à§ä§à§Ó§Ü§å, §Ü§Ó§Ñ§Ý§Ú§æ§Ú§Ü§Ñ§è§Ú§ð §Ú §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§ß§í§Ö §à§Ò§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ó§à§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§Ö§Û §ã §å§é§Ö§ä§à§Þ §ß§à§Ó§í§ç §ä§Ö§ç§ß§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§Û.

§³§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ, §Ó§í§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö §¦§³ §ß§Ñ §Ó§à§ã§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ï§Ü§à§ß§à§Þ§Ú§Ü§Ú, §á§à§ã§ä§â§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§Ó§ê§Ö§Û §à§ä §á§Ñ§ß§Õ§Ö§Þ§Ú§Ú COVID 19, §ß§Ñ§â§ñ§Õ§å §ã §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ§Þ§Ú §Ù§Ñ§Ü§à§ß§à§Õ§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §ä§Ö, §é§ä§à §Ò§í§Ý§Ú §á§â§Ú§ß§ñ§ä§í §Ó §ª§ã§á§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú, §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§ß§í §à§ä§Ü§â§í§ä§î §á§Ö§â§ã§á§Ö§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§í §â§Ñ§Ù§â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ü§Ú §á§Ý§Ñ§ß§à§Ó §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ §Ü§Ñ§Õ§â§à§Ó, §ß§Ñ§è§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §ß§Ñ §ã§ä§Ñ§Ò§Ú§Ý§î§ß§à§Ö §Ó§à§ã§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ú §Þ§à§Õ§Ö§â§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§ð §Ü§à§Þ§Þ§Ö§â§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §Ñ§Ó§ä§à§Þ§à§Ò§Ú§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §á§Ö§â§Ö§Ó§à§Ù§à§Ü.

§¶§â§Ñ§ß§ã§Ú§ã§Ü§à §ª§Ô§Ý§Ö§ã§Ú§Ñ§ã §¬§Ñ§Þ§á§à§ã, §Ô§Ö§ß§Ö§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Û §Õ§Ú§â§Ö§Ü§ä§à§â ALSA:

§°§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à §ß§Ö §ã§Ý§Ú§ê§Ü§à§Þ §ç§à§â§à§ê§à §à§ã§Ó§Ö§Õ§à§Þ§Ý§Ö§ß§à §à §á§â§à§æ§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú §Ó§à§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§ñ, §Ú §Þ§í §ß§Ö §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§Þ §ã §å§Ó§Ö§â§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§î§ð §å§ä§Ó§Ö§â§Ø§Õ§Ñ§ä§î, §é§ä§à §å§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §Ù§Ñ§Ù§à§â§Ñ §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å §à§Ü§à§ß§é§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ §ê§Ü§à§Ý§í §Ú §á§à§Ý§å§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ §á§â§à§æ§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú §Ó§à§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§ñ §Ó§í§Ù§à§Ó§Ö§ä §ß§Ö§Þ§Ö§Õ§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§í§Û §â§à§ã§ä §Ú§ß§ä§Ö§â§Ö§ã§Ñ §Ü §ï§ä§à§Û §á§â§à§æ§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú.
§¯§Ö§à§Ò§ç§à§Õ§Ú§Þ§à §Õ§à§Ò§Ú§ä§î§ã§ñ §ã§à§Ô§Ý§Ñ§ã§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§à§Û §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§í §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §å§é§â§Ö§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Û, §Ó§Ý§Ú§ñ§ð§ë§Ú§ç §ß§Ñ §Ñ§Ó§ä§à§ä§â§Ñ§ß§ã§á§à§â§ä§ß§å§ð §à§ä§â§Ñ§ã§Ý§î. §³§ß§Ú§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Þ§Ú§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §Ó§à§Ù§â§Ñ§ã§ä§Ñ §å§á§â§à§ë§Ñ§Ö§ä §á§â§à§ç§à§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §á§â§à§æ§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§à§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §á§à§Õ§Ô§à§ä§à§Ó§Ü§Ú §Õ§Ý§ñ §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§ð§ë§Ö§Ô§à §ä§â§å§Õ§à§å§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ, §ß§à §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§å §ß§Ö§à§Ò§ç§à§Õ§Ú§Þ§à §Þ§Ö§ß§ñ§ä§î §Ó §Ü§à§Þ§á§Ý§Ö§Ü§ã§Ö.
§©§Ñ§Ü§à§ß§í, §å§Ó§ñ§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Ö §à§Ò§å§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ú §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§å §Ó§à§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§Ö§Þ, §á§à§Ù§Ó§à§Ý§ñ§ä §á§â§Ú§Ó§Ý§Ö§é§î §Ó §á§â§à§æ§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§ð §Þ§à§Ý§à§Õ§í§ç §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö, §Ó§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§à, §â§Ñ§ß§Ö§Ö §ß§Ö §Ù§Ñ§Õ§å§Þ§í§Ó§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ã§î §à§Ò §ï§ä§à§Þ §â§à§Õ§Ö §Õ§Ö§ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú. §®§í §ã§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§Ö§Þ §Ó§ã§Ö §Ó§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§à§Ö, §é§ä§à§Ò§í §á§â§à§æ§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§ð §Ó§à§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§ñ §Þ§à§Ô §á§à§Ý§å§é§Ú§ä§î §Ü§Ñ§Ø§Õ§í§Û.